An article's abstract can generally be found in both the article's citation page as well as at the top of the full-text of the article. It is similar to a trailer for a movie but unlike a really good trailer that makes your want to see the movie but leaves room for the surprises, article abstracts do not. It should give you a complete summary of the article and is not concerned with spoilers. This is a huge benefit for you as a researcher since it can give you a better idea if a particular article relates to your research without having to read a 20 page article or wait for the library to get a full-text copy of your article from another library. The intent is to quickly inform of you of why the study was done, what the study was about, and reveal the findings.
The introduction explains why the study was done and what the researchers wanted to accomplish. It also talks about the background of the research topic and how this study fits into the bigger picture of scholarly conversation and academic research. The introduction can point out what we still don't know about the topic and show how this study helps to fill in those gaps.
Not all research articles have a section called "literature review" or something similar. If they don't, this information is usually found in the introduction. The literature review's job is to cover all the previous research related to the current study. This used to be easier, but now, with so much information available, it's hard to find every single piece of research on a topic. However, the literature review should still give a good overview.
Here you will find the recipe of the research experiment. It should include complete instructions and items needed to replicate the research. This helps people reading the article understand the setting in which the experiment took place and all of the factors that could have impacted the experiment.
In the results area of the research article, the authors show how they used statistical analysis to determine if their experiment resulted in any significant findings. Basically, they try to answer their research question. This area can be really hard for a lay person to understand. If/When you take a statistics course, things will be easier. In the end, remember that if your article comes from a peer-reviewed scholarly journal then you can make some assumptions that other researchers in the field read the results area and determined that there was enough accuracy for the the article to be published.
Now that the research question has been answered, the authors will look once again at how the results fit in the larger scholarly conversation. Does the result compliment other research in the same field or was it completely unexpected? This area should also cover the benefits and limitations of the study. For example a study may show a relationship between two events that should be looked at more closely but the sample size of the study could be too small to be generalize the reactions of an entire group.
The conclusion of the article should sum everything up. It will remind you of why the study was done and the results. It should then do a bit more and state what could/should be next. What additional research should take place? What do we still not know about the issue?
At the end of an academic research article you will find a list of all of the research cited within the article. Many of the in-text citations will be found in the introduction and literature review area. Many of these can be useful to you as a researcher as they are generally going to be about the same topic you are researching. You can also use them for fact checking, if the article's author states something you do not find believable...track down the original source.